Introduction The book represents the first complete data about fishes of Black Sea and Freshwaters of Georgia. For each taxon it includes picture, characteristics (size, weight, age, spawning period, fecundity), distribution and international conservation status. Nomenclature is based on fish global information system - http: // fishbase.org /. For some local forms, which are not included in the above mentioned base, taxonomic status is given from appropriate references. The book is based on two century age zoological collections, housing in Georgian National Museum (1700 fish specimens) and scientific investigations of the authors. A large number of well known zoologists were actively involved in collecting of specimens: G. Radde, L. Berg, R. Schmidt, M. Tikhii, V. Mart, F. Kavraisky, R. Shelkovnikov, K. Satunin, N. Smirnov, R. Elanidze, M. Demetrashvili, G. Barach, A. Sadowski, N. Ninua, I. Chkhikvishvili, L. Chinchaladze and others. Totally 168 species are discussed, 61 species inhabit freshwater, 77 inhabit sea and 30 species are transitoty. 13 species are included in the Red List of Georgia. These species are: relict, endemic and endangered species: Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser sturio), Colchian Sturgeon (Acipenser colchicus), Fringebarbel sturgeon (Acipenser nudiventris), Starry sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus), Russian Sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii), Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus), Beluga (Huso huso), Pontic shad (Alosa immaculata)(=Alosa pontica), Trout (Salmo trutta fario), Bleack sea roach (Rutilus frisii), Colchic khramulya (Capoeta sieboldi)(=Varicorhinus sieboldi), Ciscaucasian spined loach (Sabanejewia caucasica) and Monkey goby (Neogobius fluviatilis). There are more than 26000 rivers in Georgia, most of them are short and shallow streams in the mountain. There are 273 rivers more than 25 km in length and there are more than 860 lakes. The number of water reservoirs has increased in recent years and there are now more than 43. These reservoirs support electric power stations, terminals, irrigation systems and are widely used for the fish industry. The Georgian Black Sea coast stretches approximately 315 km. Its faunal complex is made up mostly of Paratethys relictic fauna. This fauna has changed according to increasing and decreasing salinity. Freshwater and Mediterranean Sea fauna are usually added to local fauna. We’ve seldom seen species from other distant seas: Gray triggerfishes - Balistes capriscus Gmelin, that was found near Sokhumi, a very rare species the Angler - Lophius piscatorius Linnaeus was caught near Gonio in the Black Sea which originated in the Mediterranean Sea. There are 30 thousand species of fish and numerous vertebrate group, which has an important place in biodiversity of Georgia. Humans have been using fish since the Stone Age not only as a food, but for tools such as needles from fishbone, and arrowheads for hunting. Salting fish for preservation has been practiced since the Middle Ages. Data of the records of the sturgeon industry along the Rioni river and local residents’ knowledge for how to prepare sturgeon spawn dates to the second half of the 18th century. Historians of Georgian kings describe even earlier period of sturgeon industry. In a series of letters “Georgia in XVIII century“, Juzeppe Judich from Milan tells readers about fishing in Georgia. In the XVII-XVIII century Georgian political and public figure Sulkhan-Saba Orbeliani identified the following fishes for Georgia in his dictionary: sturgeon, barbel, capoeta, shamaya, trout, salmon, catfish and bream. “Royal capitation of Georgia” by Vakhushti Batonishvili talks about the abundance of fish in rivers and lakes in Georgia. Foreign travellers and scientists: A. Nordmann, K. Kessler, F. Steindachner, J. Guldenstadt, G. Radde, F. Kavraisky, I. Arnold, V. Mart began scientific description of fishes of Georgia. I. Batonishvili, I. Fortunatov, A. Sadowski, L. Arnold, E. Kulakova, N. Vakhvakhishvili and others worked on issues about industry of Georgian ichthyofauna different times. The fauna of Black Sea, rivers and lakes of Georgia was investigated by G. Barach, M. Tikhi, R. Elanidze, M. Demetrashvili, V. Sharvashidze, O. Burchuladze, G. Burjanadze, J. Meskhidze, N. Ninua, R. Shaverdashvili, A. Kokhia, L. Natadze, O. Japoshvili, B. Japoshvili, O. Gogmachadze, A. Komakhidze, R. Goradze, T. Kokosadze, L. Goletiani, P. Kheladze, A. Guchmanidze and others. This book is a subsidiary directory for the biologists interested in ichthyology, for students, for school teachers and pupils.