2060 5 9248 2 24819 document 9248 Kikvidze & Callaway 2009 Bioscience.pdf application/pdf ef1068bb162e242f7efd34d9058da56c MD5 194010 2014-01-23 05:31:35 http://eprints.iliauni.edu.ge/2060/1/Kikvidze%20%26%20Callaway%202009%20Bioscience.pdf 2060 1 1 application/pdf text en public

Kikvidze & Callaway 2009 Bioscience.pdf

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http://eprints.org/relation/isVersionOf http://eprints.iliauni.edu.ge/id/document/9248 http://eprints.org/relation/isVolatileVersionOf http://eprints.iliauni.edu.ge/id/document/9248 http://eprints.org/relation/ismediumThumbnailVersionOf http://eprints.iliauni.edu.ge/id/document/9248 9253 3 24824 document 9253 small.jpg image/png 0edb78fcc4985e07458663419ba77142 MD5 1752 2014-01-23 05:41:54 http://eprints.iliauni.edu.ge/2060/6/small.jpg 2060 6 6 image/png other Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_small ge public

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http://eprints.org/relation/isVersionOf http://eprints.iliauni.edu.ge/id/document/9248 http://eprints.org/relation/isVolatileVersionOf http://eprints.iliauni.edu.ge/id/document/9248 http://eprints.org/relation/issmallThumbnailVersionOf http://eprints.iliauni.edu.ge/id/document/9248 archive 137 disk0/00/00/20/60 2015-04-16 06:13:24 2015-04-16 06:13:24 2015-04-16 06:13:24 article 453 show Kikvidze Zaal zaal.kikvidze@iliauni.edu.ge Callaway Ray ray.callaway@mso.umt.edu pub Evolution QEC ins18 public There is a growing consensus among ecologists that ecological facilitation comprises a historically overlooked but crucial suite of biotic interactions. Awareness of such positive interactions has recently led to substantial modifications in ecological theory. In this article we suggest how facilitation may be included in evolutionary theory. Natural selection based on competition provides a conceptually complete paradigm for speciation, but not for major evolutionary transitions—the emergence of new and more complex biological structures such as cells, organisms, and eusocial populations. We find that the successful theories developed to solve these specific problematic transitions show a consistent pattern: they focus on positive interactions. We argue that facilitation between individuals at different levels of biological organization can act as a cohesive force that generates a new level of organization with higher complexity and thus allows for major evolutionary transitions at all levels of biological hierarchy. 2009 BioScience 59 American Institute of Biological Sciences 399-404 TRUE 1525-3244