Georgia is a part of the Caucasus Biodiversity Hotspot. Its flora of vascular plants numbers approximately 4100 species, of which c. 255 are endemic to Georgia [according to the recent data the number is c. 280 - KB 20 Oct 2014]. Ca. 60% of Georgia’s endemic plant species are qualified for the threatened categories (CR, EN, VU) according to the species conservation status evaluation system elaborated by IUCN – The World Conservation Union. Data on Georgia’s endemics were used for preliminary identification of Important Plant Areas (IPAs) as a basis for establishment of new protected areas in the country. Up to 20% of Georgia’s endemic plant species are calciphilous lithophytes occurring on limestone mountain ridges that are stretched almost parallel to the Main Watershed Range of the Greater Caucasus in Colchis, West Georgia, also occur in Lesser Caucasus system and in a form of patches on the Greater Caucasus in East Georgia. Approximately 80% of the endemics confined to limestone rock and scree habitats are assessed as threatened (by overgrazing, infrastructure development, tourism and recreation, global climate change). GIS analysis of the distribution of the endemic calciphytes has made it possible to preliminarily identify IPAs on Georgia’s limestone ridges (criterion A for identification of IPAs) that will help in establishment of borders of new protected areas, for instance, those in Racha and Svaneti, planned according to Ecoregional Conservation Plan for the Caucasus by L. Williams et al. (2006). IPA identification process will continue to include more widespread endemics of the Caucasus as well as non-endemic species threatened at the regional level.