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    <contact_email>tengiz.verulava@iliauni.edu.ge</contact_email>
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      <item>
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          <family>Jgerenaia</family>
          <given>Elza</given>
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        <id>elza.jgerenaia.1@iliauni.edu.ge</id>
      </item>
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          <family>Mourao</family>
          <given>Paulo Reis</given>
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    <title>Pension systems in Southern Europe – Challenges and Opportunities
</title>
    <ispublished>submitted</ispublished>
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    <keywords>Southern European countries; Pension systems; Social reforms</keywords>
    <abstract>Southern European countries (Greece, Italy, Portugal, and Spain) exhibit relevant challenges related to pension systems. These challenges are here revisited. We also discuss the political and socio-economic roots of these challenges. Finally, we analyze the social indicators, the social expenses and the aging scenarios of these countries.</abstract>
    <date>2014</date>
    <date_type>submitted</date_type>
    <publication>Hacienda Pública Española/Review of Public Economics</publication>
    <publisher>INSTITUTO DE ESTUDIOS FISCALES</publisher>
    <refereed>TRUE</refereed>
    <official_url>http://www.ief.es/en/recursos/publicaciones.aspx</official_url>
    <referencetext>Addio A., (2013) “Challenges For Pension Reforms in OECD Countries: Results From Pensions At a Glance 2013”. Report to the European Commission.

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Arza, C., and Kolhi, M., 2011.Pension reform in Europe, politics policies and outcomes. Reutledge/EUI Studoes in the Political Economy of Welfare.

Barr, N., 2000. Reforming Pensions: Myths, Truths, and Policy Choices . IMF Working Paper, no. WP/00/139.

Busch, Hermann, C., Hingrichs, K., Scholten, T., 2013. Euro Crisis, Austerity Policy and the European Social Model ,How Crisis Policies in Southern Europe Threaten the EUs
Social Dimension. International Policy Analysis . Friedrich Ebert Stiftung

Carrera, L., Angelaki, M., Carolo, D., &amp; Paper, C. (2009). “Structures , political competition andsocietal veto players : the politics of pension reform in Southern Europe.” In: The future of the welfare state: paths of policy innovation between constaints and
opportunities, 17-19 September 2009, Urbino, Italy

Commission, E., &amp; Affairs, S. (2011). Annual National Report 2011 Pensions , Health Care and Long-term Care, (May).

Chulia E. (2007), Spain: Between Majority Rule and Incrementalism in: The Handbook of Western European Pension Politics (2007), edited by Ellen M. Immergut, Karen M.

Anderson &amp; Isabelle Schulze, Oxford University Press, New York, pp. 499-554;

Eatwell J. (2003)/ &quot;The Anatomy of the Pension &quot;crisis&quot;and Three Fallacies on Pensions&quot;. Cambridge CB2 1AG, UK
EPC (Economic Policy Committee). Budgetary challenges posed by aging populations: the impact on public spending on pensions, health and long term care for elderly and possible
indicators of the long term sustainability of public finances. Brussels, 24 October, 2001.

Esping-Andersen, G. (1990) “The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism”. Cambridge: Polity Press 

Esping-Andersen, G. (1999) “Social Foundations of Postindustrial Economies”. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Ferrera, M. (1996). “The Southern Model’ of Welfare in Social Europe”, Journal of European Social Policy, vol 6, 1. 17-37

Ferreira, L. V. (2005). Social Protection and Chronic Poverty: Portugal and the Southern European Welfare Regime Leonor Vasconcelos Ferreira, (March).

Ferrera M., Jessoula M. (2007), Italy: A Narrow Gate for Path-Shift in: The Handbook of Western European Pension Politics (2007), edited by Ellen M. Immergut, Karen M.

Anderson &amp; Isabelle Schulze, Oxford University Press, New York, pp. 396-453 </referencetext>
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