Recent field investigation in Georgia and Azerbaijan accompanied by examinations of herbarium specimens of Caucasian orchids allowed a clearer differentiation of few Caucasian orchid entities. Details of the recently described Epipactis viridiflora subsp. kuenkeleana Akhalkatsi et al. are presented. Azerbaijanian Orchis mascula s.l. resulted to be an independent subspecies and has been described as new subsp. longicalcarata. Caucasian Orchis morio s.l., for long time evaluated by most authors as subsp. picta, has been shown to have its own characteristics, for which the forgotten name subsp. caucasica (K.Koch) E.G. Camus, Bergon & A. Camus has to be applied.